French philosopher and mathematician who proposed mind-body interaction and the doctrine of innate ideas, published A Discourse on Method.

Austrian physician who performed his first supposed cure using “animal magnetism” (later called Mesmerism and hypnosis). In 1777, he was expelled from the practice of medicine in Vienna.

Released the first mental patients from their chains at the Bicetre Asylum in France and advocated more humane treatment of mental patients.

Suffered massive brain damage when a large iron rod accidentally pierced his brain, leaving his intellect and memory intact but altering his personality.

Published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, synthesizing much previous work on the theory of evolution, including that of Herbert Spencer, who coined the phrase “survival of the fittest.”

In 1894, she was one of the first two women elected to the APA (the other being Christine Ladd-Franklin); in 1905, Mary became the first female president of the APA.

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon produced the first intelligence test for assessing the abilities and academic progress of Parisian schoolchildren.

G. Stanley Hall of Clark University, Massachusetts, arranged for Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung to make their only American appearance.

During World War I, Robert Yerkes and his staff developed a group intelligence test for evaluating U.S. military personnel; this helped legitimize psychology as an important field of study.

Anna Freud discussed psychoanalysis in the treatment of children in her book, Introduction to the Technique of Child Analysis.

Ugo Cerletti and Lucino Bini used electroshock treatment with a human treatment. It is still used today as a major technique in treating depression.

David Wechsler published this test, a forerunner of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test (WAIS).

World War II provided many opportunities for psychologists to enhance the popularity and influence of psychology, especially in applied areas.

First edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association.

The American Psychological Association publishes the first edition of Ethical Standards of Psychologists.  This document will go through continuous revisions, and continues to serve as the ethical guidelines in the field of psychology.

The Nature of Prejudice is published by psychologist Gordon Allport.  This book was influential in promoting the use of psychology for social issues.

The Visual Cliff paradigm is first used by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk to study depth perception in infants.

Konrad Lorenz’s publication of, “On Aggression”, which addressed the hydraulic model of instinctive pressures.

William Masters and Virginia Johnson publish Human Sexual Response.  They later follow with Human Sexual Inadequacy in 1970.

Allen and Beatrix Gardner begin teaching sign language to a chimpanzee named Washoe.

Julian Rotter publishes his research on locus of control.

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ publication of “On Death and Dying”, presenting her model representing the five states of grief.

Foundation of The Association for Women in Psychology (AWP) established, Joann Evansgartner served as the first president

Ethologist Konrad Lorenz (along with Karl VonFrich and Nicholaas Tinbergen) wins the Nobel prize for animal behavior research.  Lorenz demonstrated the existence of critical periods in animal development when a flock of geese imprinted on him (believed him to be their mother) during their critical period.  The geese followed Lorenz as they would their mother.

APA appointed the Task Force for Sex Bias and Sex-Role Stereotyping in Psychotherapeutic Practice

Maccoby and Jacklin publish The Psychology of Sex Differences.

Using a single-cell recording technique in cats, psychologists Hubel and Wiesel discover unique neurons in the visual cortex capable of detecting specific visual features.  Because of this work, they win the Nobel prize.

For his work with split-brain patients, Roger Sperry wins the Nobel prize.

Carol Gilligan’s publication of “In a Different Voice” adding to area of feminist psychology

The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the APA) catalogues mental disorders, and offers a classification system for these disorders.  In 2000, the DSM-IV was revised, and became known as the

DSM-IV-TR, and is the current version of the DSM.

Working together, sixteen public research institutions from around the world successfully mapped the human genetic code.  This opened up a new understanding of human development and disease.

The newest version of the DSM is set to be released in May 2013.  The APA has charged a task force (deliberating since 2010) with the changes.  The task force consists of psychologists and psychiatrists from a number of different fields.